Structure Functions In A Wall-Turbulent Shear Flow     

U. Giostra  D. Cava  S. Schipa 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2002,103(3):337-359

Wavelet and quadrant analyses were applied to turbulent velocity data in order to investigate the transition from the anisotropy of energy-containing eddies to the isotropy of the inertial subrange scales. The quadrant analysis of the wavelet coefficients of longitudinal and vertical velocity components allows the evaluation of the velocity structure functions and the momentum cospectrum as a function of the separation distance and of the quadrants. In an isotropic condition the contribution both of ejections and sweeps (even quadrants), and both of reflections and deflections (odd quadrants), has to be equal. The analysis has shown that in neutrally stratified conditions the transition to isotropy occurs in a frequency range (0.2 < r/z < 3) usually referred to as internal to the inertial subrange (r is separation distance, z is height). In the transition region, as in the isotropic region, the velocity structure functions still agree with the 1941 and 1962 Kolmogorov theories; but on the other hand the structure functions of the even and odd quadrants are fitted by power laws of different slopes in the transition region. The proposed analysis allows the investigation within the transition region of the different dynamical structure in the energy transfer from the energy-containing scales to the isotropic scales.  相似文献   

Determination of the elastic modulus set of foliated rocks from ultrasonic velocity measurements   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Insun Song  Mancheol Suh  Yong-Kyun Woo  Tianyao Hao 《Engineering Geology》2004,72(3-4):293-308

Ultrasonic measurements of compressional and shear wave velocities under hydrostatic pressure up to 70 MPa were carried out on cylindrical specimens cored across and along the foliation planes. Our measurements revealed that the foliation of the metamorphic rocks induces a clear velocity anisotropy between two orthogonal directions; faster along the foliation plane and slower across the plane in most rock types. All velocity components monotonically increase with the confining pressure, probably due to the closure of microcracks distributed in rock specimens. We determined the complete set of dynamic moduli of foliated metamorphic rocks with two assumptions; transverse isotropy due to the foliation and ellipsoidal seismic energy propagation from a point source. The calculated elastic moduli referring to different directions could be valuable for the design of various engineering structures in planar textured rock mass.  相似文献   

Penny-shaped fractures revisited     

V. Grechka 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》2005,49(3):365-381

All methods of seismic characterization of fractured reservoirs are based on effective media theories that relate geometrical and material properties of fractures and surrounding rock to the effective stiffnesses. In exploration seismology, the first-order theory of Hudson is the most popular. It describes the effective model caused by the presence of a single set of thin, aligned vertical fractures in otherwise isotropic rock. This model is known to be transversely isotropic with a horizontal symmetry axis (HTI). Following the theory, one can invert the effective anisotropy for the crack density and type of fluid infill of fractures, the quantities of great importance for reservoir appraisal and management.Here I compute effective media numerically using the finite element method. I deliberately construct models that contain a single set of vertical, ellipsoidal, non-intersecting and non-interconnected fractures to check validity of the first-order Hudson’s theory and establish the limits of its applicability. Contrary to conventional wisdom that Hudson’s results are accurate up to crack density e ≈ 0.1, I show that they consistently overestimate the magnitudes of all effective anisotropic coefficients ε^(V), δ^(V), and γ^(V). Accuracy of theoretically derived anisotropy depends on the type of fluid infill and typically deteriorates as e grows. While the theory gives | ε^(V)|, |δ^(V)|, |γ^(V)| and close to the upper bound of the corresponding numerically obtained values for randomly distributed liquid-filled fractures, theoretical predictions of ε^(V), δ^(V) are not supported by numerical computations when the cracks are dry. This happens primarily because the first-order Hudson’s theory makes no attempt to account for fracture interaction which contributes to the final result much stronger for gas- than for liquid-filled cracks. I find that Mori-Tanaka’s theory is superior to Hudson’s for all examined crack densities and both types of fluid infill.The paper was presented at the 11th International Workshop on Seismic Anisotropy (11IWSA) held in St. John’s, Canada in 2004.  相似文献   

An approach to model the mechanical behavior of transversely isotropic materials          下载免费PDF全文

M. Mahjoub  A. Rouabhi  M. Tijani  S. Granet 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2016,40(6):942-961

The present work proposes an approach to adapt existing isotropic models to transversely isotropic materials. The main idea is to introduce equivalence relations between the real material and a fictitious isotropic one on which one can take all the advantages of the well‐established isotropic theory. Two applications of this approach are presented here: a failure criterion and a damage model that takes into account the load‐induced anisotropy. In both cases, theoretical predictions are in agreement with the experimental data. In the present paper, the developed approach is applied to sedimentary rock materials; nevertheless, it can be generalized to any material that exhibits transverse isotropy. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

准各向异性粘弹介质地震波的数字仿真   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

范祯祥  邓玉琼 《地球物理学报》1988,31(2):198-210

本文论述准各向异性粘弹波动方程有限元数值解地震波响应的原理与计算方法,并给出地震衰减因子与方程中粘滞系数的计算关系式。列出了所研制的地面记录地震剖面与井中记录垂直地震剖面,以及波场时间切片图、散度与旋度图、应变能与动能的时间切片图。本方法适于任意分层形态且层间物性参数为强间断的实际地震剖面的仿真,旨在研究正问题以实现反问题。  相似文献   

N个薄层介质组合引起的视各向异性     

Zhang Zhongjie He Qiaodeng 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》1990,(2)

作者详细推导了N个薄层介质组合时所引起的视各向异性介质的弹性参数,扩展了J.E.white先生在《Underground Sound》一书中关于双层介质组合的视各向异性介质的弹性参数应用范围,并计算了2个薄层各向同性的弹性介质组合时视各向异性介质中地震波速度随波动传播方向而变化的关系曲线,说明了薄层组合确实可以引起介质的视各向异性。  相似文献   

我国草原下垫面低层大气湍流结构   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3  

刘树华  刘和平  洪钟祥  李军  刘辉志  那景阳  吴志明 《大气科学》1996,20(3):378-383

利用超声风速仪资料分析了科尔沁草原下垫面低层大气的湍流谱结构，无量纲化湍流速度分量及温度脉动的标准偏差，和湍流通量与稳定度参数的关系。结果表明，草原下垫面低层大气湍流速度谱，在较宽的稳定度范围内， 符合Kolmogorov 相似理论，在惯性副区接近局地各向同性，无量纲化湍流速度分量及温度脉动的标准偏差服从A(1-Bζ)1/3和A(-ζ)-1/3规律， 湍流热通量与稳定度参数ζ存在较好的相关性。  相似文献   

基于BISQ模型双相各向同性介质中地震波数值模拟   总被引：11，自引：2，他引：9  

孟庆生  何樵登  朱建伟  王德利 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2003,33(2):217-221

基于BISQ机制,推导了双相各向同性介质中弹性波数值模拟方程,并借助交错网格有限差分方法进行了波场模拟。证实了三种波(快纵波、慢纵波、横波SV)的存在和波场特征;在合成地震记录中,观测列三种波的反射,由于各种波相互之间的转换,转换波在地震记录中显示也很清楚,这使得波场变得更为复杂化。  相似文献   

Scale invariant theory for Bianchi Type VIII and IX space-times with perfect fluid     

G. Mohanty  B. Mishra 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2003,283(1):67-74

In this paper we have taken an attempt to study the feasibility of scale invariant theory (Wesson, 1981a,b) in Bianchi type VIII and IX space-times with a time dependent gauge function (Dirac Gauge i.e. βα )and a matter field in the form of a perfect fluid. It is found that Bianchi type VIII (δ=1) space-time is feasible in this theory whereas Bianchi type IX (δ=-1) space-time is not feasible. In this feasible case a radiating model is constructed and its physical behaviour is discussed. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

TTI介质的相速度研究     

轩义华  何樵登  林炎 《应用地球物理》2007,4(1):25-28

推导了二维TTI介质的相速度表达式,并且依据推导出来的相速度表达式,模拟并分析了二维TTI介质相速度的传播快照以及TI介质相速度的传播快照;对比并分析了TTI介质和TI介质模型的相速度理论计算值的X分量特征的差异。TTI介质的相速度研究具有较高的理论研究价值和实际应用价值．  相似文献